{ "product_id": "qumran_flow_10491", "product_name": "QUMRAN FLOW", "registration_number": "010491", "manufacturer": "DIACHEM S.p.A.", "active_ingredients": [ "copper sulfate, tribasic" ], "active_ingredient_concentrations": [ "193.04 g/l" ], "frac_groups": [ "M01" ], "organic_certified": false, "target_crops": [ "apple", "apricot", "artichoke", "asparagus", "broccoli", "cabbage", "carrot", "cauliflower", "cherry", "citrus", "cucumber", "eggplant", "escarole", "forest_trees", "fresh_legumes_with_pod", "grapevine", "hazelnut", "june_mustard", "kiwi", "lettuce", "melon", "olive", "onion", "ornamental_plants", "peach", "pear", "plum", "potato", "pumpkin", "quince", "rocket", "strawberry", "tobacco", "tomato", "valerianella", "walnut", "watercress", "watermelon" ], "target_diseases": [ "alternaria", "anthracnose", "bacteriosis", "black rot", "botrytis (grey mould)", "brown rot", "brown spot", "canker", "cercospora leaf spot", "cladosporium", "coryneum blight", "cypress canker", "cytospora canker", "downy mildew", "fire blight", "fusarium", "leaf curl", "leaf spot", "mal secco", "olive knot", "olive peacock spot", "phomopsis (dead-arm)", "phytophthora", "rust", "scab", "septoria leaf blotch", "sooty mould", "walnut blight", "white rust" ], "action_type": [ "fungicide", "bactericide" ], "systemicity": "contact", "preventive_action": true, "curative_action": false, "eradicant_action": false, "recommended_disease_pressure": "", "reentry_interval_hours": null, "min_spray_volume": 500.0, "max_spray_volume": 1000.0, "phenology_constraints": "Do not apply during flowering.", "weather_constraints": "Do not treat plants under stress or in case of large temperature fluctuations.", "rainfastness": "", "temperature_constraints": "Avoid application during large temperature fluctuations.", "humidity_constraints": "", "mixing_incompatibilities": "The product is not compatible with alkaline-reaction products. If mixing with other formulations, the longest pre-harvest interval must be respected.", "phytotoxicity_constraints": "Possible phytotoxic symptoms on peach, plum, and copper-sensitive apple and pear varieties during full vegetation. Apple varieties: Abbondanza Belford, Black Stayman, Golden delicious, Gravenstein Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Morgenduft, Stayman Red, Stayman Winesap, Black Davis, King Davis, Renetta del Canada, Rosa Mantovana. Pear varieties: Abate Fetel, Buona Luigia d’Avranches, Butirra Clargeau, Passacrassana, B.C.William, Dott. Jules Guyot, Favorita di Clapp, Kaiser, Butirra Giffard.", "environmental_restrictions": "Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Do not contaminate water with the product or its container. Do not clean application equipment near surface water. Avoid contamination via drainage systems from farmyards and roads.", "buffer_zone_requirements": "A non-treated buffer zone from surface water bodies must be respected: 10 meters for vegetables, strawberry, potato, grapevine, tobacco, ornamental and forest plants; For kiwi: 10 meters with 50% drift-reducing nozzles, or 5 meters with 75% drift-reducing nozzles; For citrus and olive: 10 meters with 75% drift-reducing nozzles, or 20 meters; For pome fruit, stone fruit (early application), hazelnut, and walnut: 20 meters with 75% drift-reducing nozzles.", "resistance_management_summary": "To minimize potential soil accumulation and exposure to non-target organisms, do not exceed a cumulative application of 28 kg of copper per hectare over a 7-year period. It is recommended to respect an average applied quantity of 4 kg of copper per hectare per year.", "application_recommendations": "Shake before use. It is recommended to rinse the empty container at least twice after use. Concentration rates (per hectoliter of water) refer to standard spray volumes of 1000 l/ha for tree crops and 500-800 l/ha for herbaceous crops. If using higher or lower spray volumes, respect the indicated dose per hectare.", "safety_notes": "Keep out of reach of children. Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Collect spillage. Store away from food, feed and drink. Dispose of the product/container in accordance with current regulations on hazardous waste. Contains 2,2',2''-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol. May produce an allergic reaction. When used in a greenhouse, wear a work suit, gloves, and adequate respiratory protection.", "retrieval_summary": "QUMRAN FLOW is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide and bactericide based on tribasic copper sulfate (FRAC M01). It is registered for preventive control of numerous diseases on a wide range of crops including grapevine, pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus, olive, kiwi, nut trees, and various vegetables. Key targets include downy mildew, scab, cankers, bacteriosis, and leaf spots. The formulation is noted for its high adhesiveness and persistence, providing a protective barrier. Applications are generally timed preventively based on conditions favorable for disease development. Constraints include a prohibition on application during flowering and potential phytotoxicity on certain fruit varieties. Strict environmental protection measures, including buffer zones and a 7-year cumulative copper limit, are required.", "situation_fit_summary": "This is a contact fungicide providing a preventive, protective surface barrier against a wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens, including oomycetes. Its high adhesiveness ensures good persistence on treated surfaces. It is best applied before infection periods, as it lacks curative or systemic activity. Application should be avoided during flowering due to phytotoxicity risks. It is not suitable for use under high temperature fluctuations or on plants under stress. The product's efficacy relies on maintaining coverage, especially on new growth.", "uses": [ { "crop": "apple", "disease": "canker", "setting": "", "dose_min": 6.5, "dose_max": 6.5, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 650.0, "concentration_max": 650.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 8, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 3, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 40, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "autumn/late winter", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "apple", "disease": "phomopsis (dead-arm)", "setting": "", "dose_min": 6.5, "dose_max": 6.5, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 650.0, "concentration_max": 650.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 8, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 3, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 40, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "autumn/late winter", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "apple", "disease": "scab", "setting": "", "dose_min": 2.8, "dose_max": 3.25, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 280.0, "concentration_max": 325.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 8, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 5, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 40, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "swollen bud", "growth_stage_end": "post-flowering" }, { "crop": "apple", "disease": "bacteriosis", "setting": "", "dose_min": 2.8, "dose_max": 3.25, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 280.0, "concentration_max": 325.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 8, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 5, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 40, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "swollen bud", "growth_stage_end": "post-flowering" }, { "crop": "apple", "disease": "fire 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370.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 500.0, "spray_volume_max": 800.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "ornamental_plants", "disease": "bacteriosis", "setting": "", "dose_min": 1.85, "dose_max": 2.25, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 280.0, "concentration_max": 370.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 500.0, "spray_volume_max": 800.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "ornamental_plants", "disease": "septoria leaf blotch", "setting": "", "dose_min": 1.85, "dose_max": 2.25, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 280.0, "concentration_max": 370.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, 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"growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "rust", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "leaf spot", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "scab", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "downy mildew", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "cercospora leaf spot", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "bacteriosis", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "septoria leaf blotch", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "alternaria", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "canker", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "anthracnose", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "leaf curl", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" }, { "crop": "forest_trees", "disease": "cypress canker", "setting": "", "dose_min": 3.75, "dose_max": 3.75, "dose_unit": "l/ha", "concentration_min": 370.0, "concentration_max": 470.0, "concentration_unit": "ml/hl", "treatment_interval_min_days": 7, "treatment_interval_max_days": 10, "max_treatments_per_season": 4, "pre_harvest_interval_days": 20, "spray_volume_min": 1000.0, "spray_volume_max": 1000.0, "growth_stage_start": "", "growth_stage_end": "" } ], "low_confidence_fields": [ "registration_number", "pre_harvest_interval_days" ], "extraction_notes": "The registration number was extracted as '10491' from 'n. 10491 del 10/05/2000'. The 'Ortaggi' (vegetables) section lists a large group of crops and diseases. I have expanded these into individual crop-disease pairs. For crops where setting (field/greenhouse) was specified, I created separate entries. For crops where it was not specified, the setting is left blank. The PHI for Asparagus is null because treatment is only post-harvest. The PHI for 'other crops' is 20 days, which I have applied to crops not explicitly listed in the 3, 7, 14, 21, or 40-day categories (e.g., olive, citrus, kiwi, nuts, tobacco, ornamentals).", "reviewed": false, "source_label_version": "31 gennaio 2019", "source_file": "QUMRAN-FLOW.pdf", "last_update": "17/08/2026" }